PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.